What is an SSL Certificate | Why do websites need SSL certificates
What is an SSL Certificate?
SSL Certificates for Secure Browsing
SSL certificates enable websites to use HTTPS, which is more secure than HTTP. SSL certificates are data files hosted on a website's origin server. SSL certificates facilitate SSL/TLS encryption, and they contain a website's public key and website identity, as well as related information.
Devices attempting to communicate with the origin server reference this file to obtain the public key and verify the server's identity. The private key should be kept secret and secure.
What is SSL?
SSL (often referred to as TLS) is a protocol used to encrypt Internet traffic and verify server identities. Any website with an HTTPS URL uses SSL/TLS. See What is SSL? and What is TLS? for more information.
How do SSL certificates work?
An SSL certificate includes the following information in a single data file:
The domain name for which the certificate was issued
The person, organization, or device the certificate was issued to
The certificate authority that issued the certificate
The digital signature of the certificate authority
The associated subdomains
The date the certificate was issued
The date the certificate expires
The public key (the private key is kept secret)
The public and private keys used for SSL are essentially long strings of characters used to encrypt and sign data. Data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key.
The certificate is hosted on a website's origin server and is sent to any device that requests to load that website. Most browsers allow users to view the SSL certificate: in Chrome, this can be done by clicking the padlock icon to the left of the URL bar.
Why do websites need SSL certificates?
Websites need SSL certificates to ensure the security of user data, verify the ownership of the website, prevent attackers from creating fake versions of the site, and gain user trust.
Encryption: SSL/TLS encryption is possible because of the public-private key pairing facilitated by the SSL certificate. The client (such as a web browser) obtains the public key needed to open a TLS connection from the server's SSL certificate.
Authentication: An SSL certificate verifies that the client is communicating with the correct server that actually owns the domain. This helps prevent domain spoofing and other types of attacks.
HTTPS: It is most important for businesses to use an SSL certificate for HTTPS URLs. HTTPS is a secure form of HTTP, and HTTPS websites are websites that encrypt traffic over SSL/TLS.
In addition to protecting user data during transmission, HTTPS makes sites more trustworthy to users. Many users don't notice the difference between URLs that begin with http:// and https://, but most browsers prominently mark HTTP sites as "not secure" and try to encourage the switch to HTTPS and increased security.
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